Extreme heat is a period of high heat and humidity with temperatures above 90 degrees for at least two to three days. In extreme heat your body works extra hard to maintain a normal temperature, which can lead to death. Extreme heat is responsible for the highest number of annual deaths among all weather-related hazards. Extreme heat is common in the Rio Grande Valley, especially during the summer months. With temperatures often rising above 100°F, the heat can be dangerous, especially for children, older adults, outdoor workers, and people without air conditioning.

Average temperatures in the RGV:

• Typically range between 95F and 105F (35C to 45C)
• "Feels like" temperatures (with humidity) can be 110F+ (43C+)
• Nighttime lows usually stay between 75F and 80F (24C to 27C)

Heat Related Illnesses

Heat cramps

• May be the first sign of heat-related illness, and may lead to heat exhaustion or stroke.
• Symptoms: Painful muscle cramps and spasms usually in legs and abdomen, and heavy sweating.
• First Aid: Apply firm pressure on cramping muscles or gently massage to relieve spasm. Give sips of water unless the person complains of nausea, then stop giving water.
• Seek immediate medical attention if cramps last longer than 1 hour.

Heat exhaustion

• Symptoms: Heavy sweating; weakness or tiredness; cool, pale, clammy skin; fast, weak pulse; muscle cramps; dizziness, nausea or vomiting; headache; fainting.
• First Aid: Move person to a cooler environment, preferably a well air-conditioned room. Loosen clothing. Apply cool, wet cloths or have person sit in a cool bath. Offer sips of water.
• Seek immediate medical attention if the person vomits, symptoms worsen or last longer than 1 hour

Heat Stroke

• The most serious heat-related illness, occurring when the body can no longer control its temperature. It is a medical emergency and can be life-threatening
• Symptoms: High body temperature (103°F or higher), hot, red, dry, or damp skin,rapid and strong pulse, headache, dizziness or confusion, nausea, loss of consciousness (passing out).
• First Aid: Call 911 immediately—heat stroke is a medical emergency. Move the person to a cooler place. Use cool cloths, ice packs, or a cool bath to lower their temperature quickly. Do not give them anything to drink if they are confused, unconscious, or unable to swallow.

Caring for Individuals with Alzheimer’s or Dementia During Extreme Heat

Extreme heat can be dangerous for everyone, but individuals with Alzheimer’s or dementia are especially vulnerable. They may not recognize the signs of heat stress, may wear inappropriate clothing, or may forget to drink enough water. Caregivers play a vital role in keeping them safe before, during, and after extreme heat events.

Before Extreme Heat: Preparedness Tips

• Create a heat safety plan that includes cool locations to go if your home loses power or air conditioning.
• Identify nearby cooling centers or public air-conditioned spaces (libraries, community centers).
• Prepare an emergency kit with:
  • Bottled water and electrolyte drinks
  • Lightweight, breathable clothing
  • Portable fans or battery-operated cooling devices
• Check that air conditioners and fans are working properly.
• Arrange a support network (family, neighbors, local services) who can check in during heat waves.

During Extreme Heat Events

• Keep the person indoors in air-conditioned spaces as much as possible.
• Offer water frequently (even if they don’t ask for it). Avoid caffeinated or alcoholic drinks.
• Dress them in light, loose-fitting clothes.
• Avoid hot meals and heavy physical activity.
• Watch closely for signs of heat-related illness:
  • Confusion, dizziness, or fainting
  • Headache, rapid pulse, nausea
  • Hot, red, or damp skin

If any symptoms appear, seek medical help immediately.

After Extreme Heat: Recovery and Adjustment

• Continue to offer water and light meals until temperatures return to normal.
• Monitor for lingering symptoms such as fatigue, headaches, or disorientation.
• Review and update your heat safety plan for future events